Gut microbiome, T cell subsets, and cytokine analysis identify differential biomarkers in tuberculosis

Introduction The gut microbiota, T cell subsets, and cytokines participate in tuberculosis (TB) pathogenesis. To date, the mechanisms by which these factors interactively promote TB development at different time points remain largely unclear. In the context of this study, We looked into the microorganisms in the digestive tract, T cell types, and cytokines related to tuberculosis. Methods According to QIIME2, we analyzed 16SrDNA sequencing of the gut microbiome on the Illumina MiSeq. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to measure the concentrations of cytokines. Results We showed the presence of 26 identifiable differential microbiomes in the gut and 44 metabolic pathways between healthy controls and the different time points in the development of TB in patients. Five bacterial genera ( Bacteroides , Bifidobacterium , Faecalibacterium , Collinsella , and Clostridium ) were most closely associated with CD4/CD8, whereas three bacterial taxa ( Faecalibacterium , Collinsella , and Clostridium ) were most closely associated with CD4. Three bacterial taxa ( Faecalibacterium , Ruminococcus , and Dorea ) were most closely associated with IL-4. Ruminococcus was most closely associated with IL-2 and IL-10. Conclusion Diverse microorganisms, subsets of T cells, and cytokines, exhibiting varying relative abundances and structural compositions, were observed in both healthy controls and patients throughout distinct phases of tuberculosis. Gaining insight into the function of the gut microbiome, T cell subsets, and cytokines may help modulate therapeutic strategies for TB.