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The advent of 3D technologies unlocks new possibilities for capturing, analysing and preserving the intricate details of heritage sites. However, these technologies also raise technical and ethical challenges regarding the preservation of authenticity, integrity, and reversibility. This paper firstly analyses the ethical boundaries for the application of 3D technologies to cultural heritage through scrutinizing the extant literature and gathering the advantages and shortcomings of these technologies vis-à-vis traditional approaches. A comprehensive methodology is proposed for the restoration and conservation of historical structures using photogrammetry and 3D printing. By harmonizing technological potential with the ethical responsibilities of heritage conservation, the proposed framework promotes a balanced approach that not only addresses labour shortages of restoration specialists but also opens a realm of possibilities for cost reduction and superior quality control. In addition, the consistent nature of automation ensures that restoration and conservation tasks will be undertaken with meticulous precision, minimising material waste. Ultimately, this work is an insightful contribution that aims to shift rehabilitation and conservation of heritage sites towards automation not only to meet the needs of the moment but to propel us into a future where efficiency and sustainability are seamlessly intertwined.
Bourgeois et al. (Sun,) studied this question.