Nanotechnology in photodynamic therapy

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a minimally invasive treatment that employs a photosensitizer to destroy cancer cells. Its efficiency is determined by the activation light features, which include the photosensitizer molecule, light wavelength, tumour location, and microenvironment. PDT is becoming increasingly popular in the clinic because to its low risk, good selectivity, non-conflicting nature, and repeatability. It entails photoactivating a particular photosensitizer in a tumour microenvironment, resulting in singlet oxygen and reactive oxygen species (ROS), which destroy the tumour. However, PDT's efficacy in deep-seated cancers is restricted because to insufficient PS buildup, a hypoxic core, and poor light penetration.