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An estimated 14.7 billion Internet of Things (IoT) devices will be connected to the Internet by 2023. The ubiquity of these devices creates exciting new opportunities, while at the same time introducing new concerns about privacy and security. To address these concerns, efficient cryptographic algorithms are needed to secure communication between IoT devices. In this work, we present an optimized implementation of one such algorithm, the Edwards Curve Digital Signature Algorithm (EdDSA) with operations Keygen, Sign, and Verify using the Ed25519 parameter on the ARM Cortex-M4 implemented in assembly code. The ARM Cortex-M4 is used in millions of devices world-wide, and is a popular choice for a wide range of IoT applications. We discuss the optimization of field and group arithmetic on this platform to produce high-throughput cryptographic primitives. Then, we present the first SCA-resistant implementation of the Signed Comb method, and Test Vector Leakage Assessment (TVLA) measurements. Our fastest implementation performs Ed25519 Keygen in 200,000 cycles, Sign in 240,000 cycles, and Verify in 720,000 cycles on the ARM Cortex-M4.
Owens et al. (Mon,) studied this question.