Refining the taxonomy of the order Hyphomicrobiales (Rhizobiales) based on whole genome comparisons of over 130 type strains

The alphaproteobacterial order Hyphomicrobiales consists of 38 families comprising at least 152 validly published genera as of January 2024. The order Hyphomicrobiales was first described in 1957 and underwent important revisions in 2020. However, we show that several inconsistencies in the taxonomy of this order remain and we argue that there is a need for a consistent framework for defining families within the order. We propose a common genome-based framework for defining families within the order Hyphomicrobiales , suggesting that families represent monophyletic groups in core-genome phylogenies that share pairwise average amino acid identity values above ~75 % when calculated from a core set of 59 proteins. Applying this framework, we propose the formation of four new families and to reassign the genera Salaquimonas , Rhodoblastus , and Rhodoligotrophos into Salaquimonadaceae fam. nov., Rhodoblastaceae fam. nov., and Rhodoligotrophaceae fam. nov., respectively, and the genera Albibacter , Chenggangzhangella , Hansschlegelia , and Methylopila into Methylopilaceae fam. nov. We further propose to unify the families Bartonellaceae , Brucellaceae , Phyllobacteriaceae , and Notoacmeibacteraceae as Bartonellaceae ; the families Segnochrobactraceae and Pseudoxanthobacteraceae as Segnochrobactraceae ; the families Lichenihabitantaceae and Lichenibacteriaceae as Lichenihabitantaceae ; and the families Breoghaniaceae and Stappiaceae as Stappiaceae . Lastly, we propose to reassign several genera to existing families. Specifically, we propose to reassign the genus Pseudohoeflea to the family Rhizobiaceae ; the genera Oricola , Roseitalea , and Oceaniradius to the family Ahrensiaceae ; the genus Limoniibacter to the emended family Bartonellaceae ; the genus Faunimonas to the family Afifellaceae ; and the genus Pseudochelatococcus to the family Chelatococcaceae . Our data also support the recent proposal to reassign the genus Prosthecomicrobium to the family Kaistiaceae .