Novel Tannic Acid-Modified Cobalt-Based Metal–Organic Framework: Synthesis, Characterization, and Antimicrobial Activity

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are a class of hybrid inorganic–organic materials with typical porous structures and a unique morphology. Due to their diversity, they are extensively used in a wide range of applications such as environmental, catalysis, biomedicine, etc. In this study, a novel cobalt-based MOF modified with tannic acid (Co-TPA/TA) (TPA: terephthalic acid; TA: tannic acid) as a promising material for antimicrobial agents was synthesized and characterized by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry, and thermogravimetric analysis and compared with an as-synthesized cobalt-based framework. Co-TPA/TA demonstrated good antimicrobial efficiency under optimum conditions against yeast Candida albicans ATCC 10231, Gram-negative Escherichia coli ATCC 8739, and Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538 with an inhibition zone ranging from 14 to 20 mm. Reduced ATP levels, generation of reactive oxygen species, membrane damage from cobalt ion release, and development of an alkaline microenvironment could all be contributing factors to the possible antimicrobial pathways. The novel framework can be obtained using simple, affordable, and easily accessible commercial ligands and is considered to have the potential to be used as an antimicrobial material in the future.