Non-invasive quantification of 18F-florbetaben with total-body EXPLORER PET

Abstract Background Kinetic modeling of 18 F-florbetaben provides important quantification of brain amyloid deposition in research and clinical settings but its use is limited by the requirement of arterial blood data for quantitative PET. The total-body EXPLORER PET scanner supports the dynamic acquisition of a full human body simultaneously and permits noninvasive image-derived input functions (IDIFs) as an alternative to arterial blood sampling. This study quantified brain amyloid burden with kinetic modeling, leveraging dynamic 18 F-florbetaben PET in aorta IDIFs and the brain in an elderly cohort. Methods 18 F-florbetaben dynamic PET imaging was performed on the EXPLORER system with tracer injection (300 MBq) in 3 individuals with Alzheimer’s disease (AD), 3 with mild cognitive impairment, and 9 healthy controls. Image-derived input functions were extracted from the descending aorta with manual regions of interest based on the first 30 s after injection. Dynamic time-activity curves (TACs) for 110 min were fitted to the two-tissue compartment model (2TCM) using population-based metabolite corrected IDIFs to calculate total and specific distribution volumes (V T, V s) in key brain regions with early amyloid accumulation. Non-displaceable binding potential (BP₍₃) was also calculated from the multi-reference tissue model (MRTM). Results Amyloid-positive (AD) patients showed the highest V T and V S in anterior cingulate, posterior cingulate, and precuneus, consistent with BP₍₃ analysis. BP₍₃ and V T from kinetic models were correlated (r² = 0. 46, P < 2 e^-16) with a stronger positive correlation observed in amyloid-positive participants, indicating reliable model fits with the IDIFs. V T from 2TCM was highly correlated (r^2 = 0. 65, P < 2 e^-16) with Logan graphical V T estimation. Conclusion Non-invasive quantification of amyloid binding from total-body 18 F-florbetaben PET data is feasible using aorta IDIFs with high agreement between kinetic distribution volume parameters compared to BP₍₃ in amyloid-positive and amyloid-negative older individuals.