Cyber-violence in intimate relationships: modern technologies as tools of domestic violence

The article is devoted to the issue of cyber-violence in intimate relationships, i.e. marital and partner relationships. It is the type of violence where the perpetrator uses modern technology to torment the victim. This phenomenon has only recently become the subject of scientific research, as well as the subject of interest on the part of practitioners, i.e. representatives of various institutions established to combat the problem of domestic violence. The article aims to show the essence of the phenomenon and attempt to systematize its various manifestations, particularly the ways in which the perpetrators torment their partners using modern technologies and digital tools. First, the author proposes a general characterization of cyber-violence and the various associated forms of violence using modern technologies, and reviews research devoted to cyber-violence in intimate relationships. Then, based on analysis of scientific literature, she attempts to systematize the manifestations of the phenomenon. In addition, the manifestations of cyber-violence in intimate relationships have been described on the basis of examples cited in posts of Internet users posted on discussion forums and websites containing e-advice provided by legal experts. Identification and systematization of the manifestations of cyber-violence occurring in intimate relationships is important from the perspective of further scientific research aimed at a thorough diagnosis of the phenomenon. It can also have practical value as basis for identifying and diagnosing such cases, and creating appropriate legal norms to combat the practice and ensure adequate protection of those affected.