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An analysis of the development of dairy cattle breeding shows that the number of cattle in the country is decreasing every year (from 19 793.9 thousand heads in 2010 to 17 488.6 thousand heads in 2022), including cows (from 8713.0 thousand in 2010 to 7734.7 thousand in 2022). At the same time, from 2010 to 2022, the gross milk yield in the country increased from 31 507.8 thousand to 32 983.7 thousand tons. The article identifies the features and contribution of various forms of management in milk production. The growth of gross milk production is ensured by increasing the milk yield of cows. Here, an important role belongs to government support measures that contribute to an increase in the average milk yield per cow. The current trends are typical for all regions of the country with highly developed dairy cattle breeding. In recent years, the ratio of the breed composition of the dairy cows has changed significantly, in 2010-2022 the share of Holstein cows increased by more than 50%. At the same time, a significant genetic potential in dairy cattle breeding remains untapped. The number of breeding animals in breeding farms is decreasing. At the same time, the import of breeding cattle is decreasing, and its breed diversity is also decreasing – from 7 to 5 breeds. Significant efforts are to be made both to increase the number of cattle in the country and to improve the quality of work with the dairy herd.
Tkach et al. (Mon,) studied this question.