Effect of Enteric Fever on Hematological Cells Parameters

Background: Salmonella typhoid and paratyphoid are the agents that cause Enteric fever (Typhoid fever). It is primarily a disease of developing countries because of poor sanitation standards. Fever is a prominent and well-known feature of the illness that increases steadily to a maximum degree. The hematological criteria of an affected individual are changed by this infectious disease. To ascertain the different hematological cells parameters in our sample population, we conducted the investigation. Patients and Methodology: The study, which involved 100 Afghans, was carried out at the Nangarhar University Teaching Hospital between June and November of 2022. A case-control study design was used. Fifty individuals (Cases) who had a confirmed diagnosis of Enteric fever (Typhoid fever) based on typhoid (IgG and IgM) were included in the study. As a control group, fifty healthy individuals with negative typhoid (IgG and IgM) results and no other complaints were included in the study. For both the case and control groups, a complete blood count was performed. Hemoglobin (Hb), White Blood Cell Count (WBC), and Platelet Count (PLT) are regarded as hematological markers. Every patient was also interviewed, and a questionnaire was employed. Numerous demographic factors were questioned, including sex, age, economic status, level of education, and clinical symptoms. SPSS version 16 was then used to analyze the collected data. Results. In the current research, over all 100 patients were enrolled (50 were case, and 50 were control group). The mean age± SD of the patients under the study were 38.74±15.22 years. The most common hematological changes observed were; anemia (32%), thrombocytopenia (24%), leukocytosis (8%) & leucopenia (22%). Fever was the most common presenting symptom (78%) and abdominal symptoms were about 38%. Most of the people were of lower socioeconomic state and were uneducated. Conclusion: This study shows that Enteric fever is bacterial infection and are acquired by enteral route. This disease commonly affects people of low socioeconomical states and those that are uneducated. Fever was the most commonly presenting symptom in these patients. Enteric fever causes changes in the hematological cells parameters which is probably due to bone marrow suppression, which is transient and shows response to therapy.