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Crude oil and natural gas constitute key sources of energy that foster the growth of many other industries and facilitate many facets of modern life and the global economy.The Petroleum Cyber-Physical System (CPS) is reshaping the oil and gas (O&G) sector environment.Considering how much output data an oil well generates, the global view of the oil field is assisted by petroleum CPS efficiency techniques.Several risks face the energy industry and have the ability to disrupt crucial supply lines, harm the environment, and precipitate a financial crisis.Those risks involve communication breakdowns, cyberattacks, environmental dangers, and human errors.Business risks include supply and demand hazards as well as pricing depending on geopolitical and economic factors.The scientific community is concentrated on how to build a confident and modern CPS.Definitions of concerns, the causes of fears of all kinds, and a practical defensive plan are absent from the literature on petroleum and natural gas.Also, cyber security for oil and gas assets has yet to be extensively studied.This study presents the general trust concerns in CPS as well as their extension to the context of the oil and gas industry.We categorized trust concerns according to several factors, including functional, human, business, and trust.The concerns are presented as a collection of properties, and their connectivity was demonstrated.A concern was classified, and the sources are published papers in the literature as well as best practices reports, directives, and recommendations.This study discovered that identifying and addressing concerns in the oil and gas industry is an essential step for risk management, as well as defense and mitigation techniques, and is a key gadget for improving CPS quality and dependability across this crucial economic sector.
Oudina et al. (Thu,) studied this question.