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The 4D compact U (1) gauge theory has a well-established phase transition between a confining and a Coulomb phase. In this paper, we revisit this model using state-of-the-art Monte Carlo simulations on anisotropic lattices. We map out the coupling-temperature phase diagram, and determine the location of the tricritical point, T/K₀ 0. 19, below which the first-order transition is observed. We find the critical exponents of the high-temperature second-order transition to be compatible with those of the 3-dimensional O (2) model. Our results at higher temperatures can be compared with literature results and are consistent with them. Surprisingly, below T/K₀ 0. 05 we find strong indications of a second tricritical point where the first-order transition becomes continuous. These results suggest an unexpected second-order phase transition extending down to zero temperature, contrary to the prevailing consensus. If confirmed, these findings reopen the question of the detailed characterization of the transition including a suitable field theory description.
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Rafael C. Torres
Nuno Cardoso
Pedro Bicudo
Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives
CEA Paris-Saclay
Laboratoire Léon Brillouin
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Torres et al. (Wed,) studied this question.
www.synapsesocial.com/papers/68e6de67b6db643587659f08 — DOI: https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2404.15907