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This research aims to investigate tourism's environmental impacts through the lens of Ecological Modernization Theory (EMT). The study examines how tourism development, economic growth, green innovation, and government effectiveness affect the environment. According to the Augmented Mean Group (AMG), the results revealed that tourism growth and economic expansion negatively impact the environment. In contrast, green innovation and government effectiveness have positive effects. The study also provides country-specific coefficient estimates. The empirical results support the validity of the EMT across the panel, specifically for Germany, France, the UK, and Russia.
Nalan Işık (Fri,) studied this question.