Exposing Fake Faces Through Deep Neural Networks Combining Content and Trace Feature Extractors

Abstract: In recent times, the proliferation of free deep learning-based software has facilitated the emergence of convincing facial swaps in videos, commonly referred to as ‘DeepFake’ (DF) videos. ‘Deep learning’ has improved the realism and accessibility of creating fake digital video content, which was previously attainable through traditional visual effects. These AIgenerated media, often referred to as DF, present a dual challenge: their creation is relatively straightforward using AI tools, yet their detection poses a significant hurdle. We address this challenge by employing Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) and ‘Recurrent Neural Networks’ (RNNs) to identify ‘DFs’. Specifically, our system utilizes a CNN to obtain frame level characteristics and apply them to train an RNN capable of identifying temporal inconsistencies introduced by DF creation tools. We evaluate our approach on a substantial dataset of fake videos and demonstrate competitive performance with a straightforward architecture.