A challenging case of severe bilateral septic arthritis with osteomyelitis of the sternoclavicular joint in a patient with end-stage renal disease

Abstract Septic arthritis of the sternoclavicular joint (SCJ) is a rare condition that comprises 1% of all joint infections. We report a case of severe bilateral septic arthritis of the SCJ in a patient with end-stage renal disease on peritoneal dialysis. A 44-year-old female presented with right SCJ infection 1 month after recovering from a tenckhoff catheter exit-site infection. She completed 6 weeks of antibiotics however this progressed to bilateral SCJ septic arthritis with osteomyelitis necessitating multiple surgical debridement and excision of bilateral clavicular heads. Further imaging showed signs of renal osteodystrophy and degenerative joint changes resembling calcium pyrophosphate deposition. Patients with end-stage renal disease have multiple risk factors including immune system dysfunction, renal osteodystrophy and dialysis access sites that increase susceptibility to bacteraemia and seeding. Therefore in such patients, prompt assessment is necessary to ensure expeditious diagnosis and treatment of this potentially debilitating condition. A multidisciplinary team involving various specialties is crucial for the holistic care for such patients and to reduce the risk of recurrence.