An update on management of rare diseases in India

Rare diseases, characterized by their prevalence in smaller segments of the population, pose significant challenges globally. While definitions may vary across nations based on prevalence rates, these conditions are often life-threatening despite affecting fewer individuals. Genetics play a prominent role, contributing to approximately 80% of rare disorders, with treatments often categorized as ‘orphan drugs’. Regardless of a country's economic status or development level, rare diseases impose substantial burdens on healthcare systems and national economies. In India, rare diseases represent a pressing public health concern, yet they often receive inadequate attention and resources. Factors such as insufficient diagnosis, limited awareness, sparse epidemiological data, high treatment costs, and scant research and development exacerbate the challenges faced by patients and healthcare providers. Despite their significant impact, rare diseases remain a neglected area within the healthcare landscape. The aim of this review was to shed light on the rare disease landscape in India by examining available secondary data from published sources. By comprehensively assessing the existing literature, researchers seek to gain insights into the prevalence, management, and challenges surrounding rare diseases in the Indian context. This endeavor is crucial for informing policymakers, healthcare professionals, and stakeholders about the urgent need for improved strategies and resources to address the complex issues associated with rare diseases in India.