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Abstract An emerging communication and network domain called the Internet of Things (IoT) uses nodes that function like actual real-world objects. Both moving and fixed nodes are possible for these. Maintaining node stability or improving inter-node connectivity is the main task for every IoT network. These networks are portable, leading to an overwhelming production of control overhead transmissions which can be reduced with the help of network clustering. In order to extend the network’s lifespan, it is therefore necessary to improve the power usage of sensor nodes. The goal of this research work is to improve network lifetime, increase throughput, reduce packet latency or packet loss, and even expand to addressing threatening nodes in order to cope with the issues of IoT-based sensor systems. The proposed Improved Smart Energy-Based Routing Protocol (ISERP), once combined with a wireless energy harvesting (WEH) unit, improves the node’s lifespan, the network’s quality of services (QoS) amid higher unequal congestion, and those aspects controlling its availability of energy. In the framework of distributed IoT, this protocol meets the standards of QoS through employing hardware-based link quality estimation and accomplishing very high efficiency in terms of energy in comparison with existing routing methods. The sink node chooses both the cluster head (CH) and cluster gateway (CG) by considering the estimation of its cost function. Simulation findings indicate that this proposed technique exhibits more network longevity along with lower consumption of energy compared with other existing cluster-based routing algorithms. Specifically, with the proposed ISERP, CHs use 33% less energy in comparison to existing techniques, and 40% of all nodes remain active until the end of the phase.
Sheikh et al. (Thu,) studied this question.