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Abstract Background: Pegylated recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (PEG-rhG-CSF) injection time is still referred as recombinant human granulocyte CSF (rhG-CSF) as a treatment for preventing febrile neutropenia (FN) in patients with early breast cancer. The trial examined whether PEG-rhG-CSF injection on day 7 following chemotherapy was superior to injection on day 3. Patients and methods: Patients with early breast cancer were randomly assigned to receive a preventive injection on days 7 or 3 following chemotherapy. The experimental group (n = 80) received PEG-rhG-CSF treatment on day 7 after chemotherapy, whereas the control group (n=80) received it on day 3. The occurrence of grades 3–4 neutropenia and FN was the primary endpoint. The secondary endpoint was the frequency of PEG-rhG-CSF dose reduction. Results: Compared with the control group, the white blood count (WBC) or absolute neutrophil count (ANC) in the experimental group was higher on days 9 and 13 (P 0.05) after chemotherapy, and the incidence of grade 3–4 neutropenia was lower (P = 0.038). The experimental group met the standard for lowering the PEG-rhG-CSF dose were more than that in the control group (69.74% vs. 35.06%, P 0.001). Patients receiving a lower PEG-rhG-CSF dose had higher WBC count and ANC after chemotherapy, but were more likely to suffer from mild arthralgia. (P 0.05). Conclusion: In comparison with PEG-rhG-CSF injection on day 3 after chemotherapy, the incidence of grade 3–4 myelosuppression is lower, and the safety is more manageable after the injection on day 7. Thus, more patients will receive dose reduction and lower patient medical costs. Citation Format: Xiaoming Zha, Jue Wang, Yinggang Xu, Jinzhi He, Ye Wang, Weiwei Zhang, Xinyu Wan, Wenjie Shi. A prospective, randomized, controlled clinical trial comparing different PEG-rhG-CSF administration times to treat chemotherapy-induced neutropenia and febrile neutropenia in early breast cancer abstract. In: Proceedings of the 2023 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2023 Dec 5-9; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(9 Suppl):Abstract nr PO4-20-02.
Zha et al. (Thu,) studied this question.