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A new species of Zanthoxylum L. (Rutaceae) from Brazil, Z. planaltense Reynel, is here described based upon morphological characters. It is a small shrub distributed in the Cerrado formations of the state of Bahia, where a predominance of shrubby vegetation can be seen, with scarce trees. It belongs to Zanthoxylum sect. Macqueria Comm. ex Triana & Planch., and within it to the Z. monogynum species group. The new species can be distinguished from the others in its species group by several vegetative and reproductive characters. With this addition, the total number of Neotropical Zanthoxylum reaches 90 species.
Carlos Reynel R. (Mon,) studied this question.