Sub-Saharan Migration, Challenges and Opportunities in a Changing World: The Moroccan Experience as an Example

Given its Geographical Location, Morocco is a market between Africa and Europe. This current privileged situation, in essence, creates significant challenges and opportunities in the field of sub-Saharan migration, a crucial question that affects not only Morocco's national policy, but also regional and international dynamics. Historically, Morocco has been considered an immigration country. As a result, the establishment of a large Moroccan community over the years has been essential in Europe. Over the last ten years, the country has become a place of transit and migration for a large number of sub-Saharan populations wishing to travel to Europe. In addition, thanks to a set of controls on the EU borders, Morocco has become a stabilization push. Managing sub-Saharan migration is a complex game for Morocco. This is why the Moroccan government is seeking reforms aimed at improving the living conditions of migrants in a regular situation and combating the traffic of people. Adopting national strategies for migration and asylum allows the operations of organizing millions of foreigners residing on their lands. Despite these efforts, challenges persist. Irregular migration in Sub-Saharan Africa remains a topic of concern, particularly with regard to border security and the preservation of migrants' rights. There are many factors that delay this migratory flow. Despite demographic pressure in countries of origin, linked to conflict, poverty, and political instability, many sub-Saharan people can seek opportunities.