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Objective: This study aims to investigate students' thinking in solving mathematical problem solving (MPS) using the Vygotskian sociocultural theory (SCT) in the form of mathematical objects. Method: This qualitative study involved 34 high school students in Palembang, 20 female and 14 male students. Data were obtained from students' work and video recordings when students solved problems. The analysis of students' work was reviewed from the semiotic system to see the students' semiotics, including languages (natural and alphanumeric), concepts and propositions, procedures, and arguments. The video recordings were analyzed to assess communication and collaboration among students during problem-solving activities. Research Findings and Discussions: Analyzing students' work and video recordings revealed significant insights into their problem-solving strategies and sociocultural interactions. Through semiotic analysis, it was possible to observe how students expressed and communicated mathematical ideas. Moreover, examining video recordings elucidated communication and collaboration dynamics within the classroom context. These findings shed light on the effectiveness of integrating Mathematical Problem Solving (MPS) with Socio-Cultural Theory (SCT) principles in fostering algebraic thinking and enhancing students' mathematical abilities. Research Implication: The findings of this study hold implications for both research and practice in mathematics education. They provide valuable insights for designing instructional approaches that promote collaborative problem-solving and facilitate the development of algebraic thinking skills. Additionally, the application of Vygotskian SCT in mathematics classrooms offers a promising avenue for cultivating a supportive sociocultural environment conducive to learning. Originality/Value: This study contributes to the existing literature by offering a comprehensive exploration of MPS through the lens of Vygotskian SCT, mainly focusing on using mathematical objects as mediational tools. By examining students' semiotic systems and sociocultural interactions, this research enhances our understanding of the complex processes involved in mathematical problem-solving and underscores the importance of sociocultural factors in shaping students' mathematical experiences.
Hiltrimartin et al. (Wed,) studied this question.