Agricultural performance of biomaterials mulching based on nitrosamine-free natural rubber latex

Natural rubber mulching material is generally more environmentally friendly than conventional mulch. Artificial straw and mulch derived from natural rubber latex (NRL) with no nitrosamines present were used as sustainable alternatives to substitute for conventional materials such as rice straw and polyethylene plastic. A real-time recorded field study employed the Internet of things with tracking devices and sensors to monitor the growth and quality of cucumber plants (Cucumis sativus L.) over a 50-day period. The results of the study highlight the superior efficiency of artificial straw, showcasing enhanced growth and quality. The NRL mulch contained a nanocellulose (CNC) filler and was vulcanized at room temperature. The addition of 3 parts CNC per hundred rubber significantly enhanced the mechanical properties of the NRL formulation, particularly its tensile (22.13 ± 2.26 MPa) and tear strengths (39.13 ± 4.58 N/mm). The NRL mulch was demonstrated to promote plant growth and increase yield. It was developed to ensure the safety of agricultural products and to support environmental conservation.