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Metamaterials are artificially engineered structures that can exhibit unconventional properties not easily observed in nature. These unique architectures offer a robust platform for manipulating acoustic or elastic wave properties for energy localization and focusing, thus broadening their potential applications in energy harvesting and sensing. I will provide a comprehensive overview of the latest breakthroughs in the design of phononic crystals and acoustic metamaterials. These advancements promise a substantial enhancement in energy harvesting performance when these materials are integrated with piezoelectric components. In addition to wave-based metamaterials, I will summarize our recent advances in vibration energy harvesting, sensing, and energy absorption applications, facilitated by the exciting field of mechanical metamaterials. These materials feature meta-atoms that respond to external stimuli, collectively displaying extraordinary material properties like negative stiffness, Poisson's ratio, and multistability. Notably, these architectures are not constrained by dynamic wavelength dependence, offering broader design opportunities across multiple scales.
Miso Kim (Thu,) studied this question.