Modernization of Higher Education in Cameroon: History, Problems and Prospects

Since 1945, Cameroon has embarked on a journey to provide higher education for its youth, recognizing it as a cornerstone for achieving independence. During this period, Cameroon demonstrated a clear commitment to enhancing its education system in preparation for sovereignty, aligning with its objectives under international law. The intellectual vanguard of Cameroon understood that political autonomy necessitated the capacity for self-governance, with higher education emerging as a crucial avenue to meet this demand. Following its formal independence, the Cameroonian government prioritized the development of higher education. As a nation characterized by a dual cultural identity, Cameroon's higher education system implemented both the French and English education systems, distinguishing it from its African counterparts and contributing to its unique educational landscape. However, navigating the coexistence of these dual systems presented challenges, necessitating a protracted period of development and adaptation. Throughout this developmental journey, Cameroon achieved significant milestones in higher education and implemented vital reforms. Yet, persistent challenges such as insufficient funding, subpar teaching standards, and a lack of coherent higher education policies have persisted, hindering the modernization of the sector. Addressing these issues is crucial for the continued development of higher education in Cameroon. This paper employs a literature review methodology and draws upon the "core-periphery" theory to analyze the historical trajectory and inherent challenges facing the modernization of higher education in Cameroon. By doing so, it seeks to offer insights into potential pathways for fostering the deepening and sustainable development of higher education in the country, thereby shaping its future outlook.