The Role of Polysaccharide-based Biodegradable Soft Polymers in the Healthcare Sector

Bio-based polymers have garnered significant interest across the manufacturing industry, global economy, and various engineering disciplines such as packaging, tissue engineering, controlled drug delivery, wound dressing, and textiles. In the current era, bio-based polymers, notably polysaccharides, offer a promising platform for constructing intricate and versatile structures in the biomedical sector. These structures encompass applications in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine (TERM), drug delivery devices, coatings for biomedical devices, and wearable sensors, thanks to their distinctive features such as inherent biocompatibility, flexibility, stretchability, mechanical strength, renewability, physiological activity, and favorable biological environment. In this review, we offer a concise overview of diverse types of polysaccharide-based polymers and their composites, properties, and interactions with specific cells and tissues. The review encompasses recent progress in tissue scaffolds designed for cartilage, skin, neural, vascular, cardiac, and bone regeneration, employing both conventional and modern manufacturing techniques. Additionally, it delves into the development of other biodegradable biomedical devices, including drug delivery systems (DDSs), antibacterial coatings on medical devices, wearable sensors, and electronic devices for the healthcare sector. Furthermore, it also elucidates research directions and future perspectives while emphasizing the importance of regulatory approvals and commitment to environmental sustainability. This well-organized and critical review is expected to assist practitioners and researchers in gaining a deeper understanding of current trends, challenges, and potential solutions, thereby harnessing the immense potential of polysaccharide-based biomaterials in the healthcare system. Additionally, the utilization of polysaccharides in the biomedical sector aligns with principles of nature, contributing to the reduction of carbon dioxide emissions and supporting the Sustainable Development Goals of the United Nations.