Some Aspects of the Theory of Translatology: A Brief Excursion Into Discipline

The life of modern society is characterized by a sharp increase in international contacts.Many new states appeared on the world map, numerous international organizations and worldwide movements emerged.The rapid growth of science and technology has created a huge need for information exchange; the volume of international trade, diplomatic activity and international correspondence increased immeasurably.Cultural ties between peoples have expanded, international tourism has acquired a mass character.All these changes in the life of humanity caused the need for translations and translators.A sharp increase in the role of translation activity could not fail to arouse the interest of researchers, but only from the middle of the XX-th century the process of translation became the object of comprehensive scientific study.In the center of attention of linguists was the semantic side of linguistic units and linguistic works, the connection of language with thinking, reality, with society and culture.New linguistic disciplines and fields of research appeared, such as psycholinguistics, sociolinguistics, text linguistics, the theory of acts of speech.Thanks to this, the requirements for the accuracy of translations have increased significantly.The study of a special type of language activity, which is called translation, began to be formalized into an independent linguistic discipline from the beginning of the XX-th century.The profession of a translator is in demand as a result of the information explosion -a sharp increase in the exchange of information, which is accompanied by a translation explosion and a corresponding increase in the scale of translation activities.Not only professional translators, but also other specialists who speak foreign languages began to do translations.There was a need to train a large number of translators.A major role in attracting the attention of linguists to the problems of translation was also played by the qualitative change in translation activity.Nowadays the modern world is seen as a huge translation machine, working at an ever-increasing speed.Still, only a small part of the scientific and technical literature published in various languages of the world is translated today.In this connection, the idea of computerization of the translation process and a sharp acceleration of translation evolution is developing.