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Russia constitutes approximately 3% of the global GDP; however, its substantive impact and role on the international stage transcend this economic measure. Within the Middle East, Russia has prominently demonstrated its capabilities and influence, strategically positioning itself as a stabilizing force amidst regional conflicts while fostering pragmatic relationships with individual states in the region. The trajectory of Russia's Middle East policy has undergone evolution and remains dynamic. Key milestones, including heightened engagement by the Putin administration in the region, intervention in the Syrian civil war, involvement in the war in Ukraine, and response to the Gaza crisis that erupted in October 2023, have marked significant turning points. In recent years tangible collaboration between Russia and Middle Eastern nations has deepened aligning with the pragmatic strategies of key regional actors. Additionally, the war in Ukraine has highlighted the Middle East
Taerim Lee (Sun,) studied this question.