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During the gestational period, several physiological adaptations occur in the woman's body to meet the demands of the maternal-fetal binomial and childbirth. These changes encompass anatomical, hormonal, metabolic and immunological aspects, varying according to gestational age. After confirmation of pregnancy, it is essential that the woman begins prenatal care in Basic Health Units (UBS), although cases of risk factors may require follow-up in highly complex hospitals. Several factors, such as individual characteristics, previous and obstetric conditions, can make a pregnancy high-risk, requiring lifestyle changes and professional support to avoid adverse outcomes. Inadequate weight gain during pregnancy is one of these factors, associated with complications such as gestational diabetes, high blood pressure and childhood obesity. The prevalence of overweight and obesity among pregnant women has increased, highlighting the importance of adequate monitoring during pregnancy for maternal and fetal health.
Cabral et al. (Mon,) studied this question.