Anti-Russian Sanctions: History and Modernity

Introduction. The article examines the historical retrospective and the modern application of sanctions by Western countries as political and economic pressure on Russia to achieve geopolitical goals. A historical analysis of the content of the sanctions pressure on our country from unfriendly states will not only reveal its essence and main goals but also help in developing methods to overcome or mitigate the negative effects of sanctions on the economy and socio-political sphere. Methods and materials. The sources of this article are official government documents, published statistical materials, scientific research by domestic and foreign researchers, including works of the modern period, as well as official government decisions of the United States and the European Union on anti-Russian sanctions. The authors consider the consequences of sanctions for the socio-economic development of the Russian Federation. Analysis. As a result of the study, the sanctions imposed by Western countries against our country in various historical periods were analyzed. Special attention is paid in the article to the consideration of the goals and content of the large-scale Western sanctions imposed against the Russian Federation at the present stage, especially after the start of a special military operation in Ukraine. Results. The analysis showed that anti-Russian sanctions have become the main instrument of pressure on the politics and economy of Russia as a sovereign state. Simultaneously with the huge increase in the number of sanctions (about 19 thousand different restrictions and prohibitions), their tightening took place. The banking, energy, manufacturing and some other sectors of the Russian economy suffered certain losses from their impact. Authors’ contributions. V.V. Moiseev prepared material on the history of anti-Russian sanctions; V.P. Trut participated in writing the section of the article devoted to modern anti-Russian sanctions. L.A. Sivachenko presented the author’s content, which expanded the content of the article on the history and modern anti-Russian sanctions. All the authors were directly involved in the development of the concept of the article, its writing, analysis of the proposed issues, justification and formulation of conclusions.