The Use of English Pragmatic Markers by Learners of English from Different Linguacultural Backgrounds

Abstract This study compared the uses of the textual and interpersonal functions of English pragmatic markers ( PM s) by learners of English as a foreign language ( EFL ) from three different linguacultural backgrounds in two spoken genres. Thirty Chinese, 30 Thai and 30 Indonesian EFL learners were recruited to participate in semi-structured interviews and dyadic conversations. Significant differences in the ways in which the participants used textual and interpersonal functions in the two spoken genres were found, whereas there were significant differences in the use of textual functions by speakers from different linguacultural backgrounds. The spoken genres and the linguacultural backgrounds mainly affected the more frequently used functions, and had no effect on the functions that were used less frequently. Furthermore, the spoken genre had a greater effect on the different uses of the functions of English PM s than did the linguacultural backgrounds.