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Kinshasa, one of Africa's most densely populated capital cities, has been grappling with the issue of informality in its planned settlements. This paper, aiming to understand this issue comprehensively, has employed a unique and rigorous qualitative and quantitative analysis. The research includes material and site surveys, allowing for a detailed study of the transformation of the Mamam Mobutu Garden City. Built-in the 80s on an existing informal village, the project later faced an invasion of illegal settlers and constructions. The surroundings have also witnessed the radicalisation of precarious communities, posing a threat to achieving sustainable human development.
Michieletto et al. (Mon,) studied this question.