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Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has emerged as an unprecedented global challenge, exposing and exacerbating existing health inequalities. The historical analysis of past pandemics and the understanding of social determinants of health during COVID-19 underscore the need for a holistic and equitable approach in responding to the pandemic, recognizing and addressing the social disparities that shape health outcomes. Objective: This study aims to analyze the social health disparities exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic, focusing on vulnerable populations, identifying social determinants and assessing the impact of public health measures. Methodology: We carried out an integrative review in the PubMed and BVS (Lilacs & Medline) databases. Systematic review studies, epidemiological studies, observational studies and original articles were selected, excluding duplicates, small samples, dissertations and theses. Studies published in the last 5 years 2018 to 2023 made available completely and free of charge. At the end of the 6 parts of the analysis, 10 articles were selected to take into account the current revision. Results and Discussions: The analysis of the reviewed studies revealed substantial disparities in risk factors and health outcomes during the pandemic, highlighting the crucial influence of socioeconomic determinants. Socio-economic inequalities have been identified as playing a crucial role in the incidence and severity of the disease, with disproportionately disadvantaged and economically disadvantaged minority groups. Factors such as race, ethnicity and limited access to health care contribute to these disparities, highlighting the intersection between social determinants and health. The lack of fairness in the distribution of health resources and in the implementation of public policies may exacerbate existing disparities, making a more equitable approach to responding to the pandemic essential. Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the complexity of health gaps, highlighting the need for integrated and holistic approaches to address these challenges and promote health equity.
Silva et al. (Thu,) studied this question.