Do generational differences determine the conservation intention and behavior towards sacred trees?

Conserving sacred trees is paramount for biodiversity preservation and the safeguarding of biocultural heritage. However, evolving perceptions across generations raise concerns about the future existence of these significant landscape elements. This study aims to examine the factors influencing the intention and behavior of two generations towards sacred tree conservation. Drawing upon an extended theory of planned behavior, we integrate "cultural values" and "religious values" as new variables in model. Through a questionnaire survey, 399 individuals representing both young and old generations were interviewed. Structural equation modeling was employed for data analysis. The research variables explained 57% and 60% of the variance in intentions, and 7% and 81% of the variance in actual behaviors of the young and old generations, respectively. Attitude was found to be crucial in shaping intentions for both generations. Subjective norms significantly influenced the intentions of the older generation, while not observed among the younger generation. Perceived behavioral control positively impacted intentions in both age groups, but its effect on actual behavior varied. While it translated into conservation behavior among the older generation, it did not have the same effect on the younger generation. Furthermore, cultural and religious values positively influenced intentions in both generations, though their impact on behavior differed. While these values influenced the behavior of the older generation, they did not translate into actual conservation practices among the younger generation. These findings emphasize the interplay of generational differences, cultural and religious values in shaping conservation intentions and behaviors. Given the crucial role of the younger generation in the future of sacred trees, targeted conservation initiatives addressing their specific needs are essential, as they exhibit lower intentions and behaviors towards conservation. This study provides valuable insights for designing effective strategies to sustainable conservation of sacred trees and foster biocultural heritage.