Comparative studies between Chinese Vs Vitnamese panax ginseng exopolysaccharides and its in vivo protective effect on myocardial injury induced by adrenaline.

Clinically, myocardial injury (MI) is considered one of the major health problems worldwide. MI is a significant worldwide illness burden. Ginseng is a traditional medicine used in the treatment of acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF). This study aimed to assess the possible cardio protective effect of acidic, 80% methanolic (AMeOH) and 70% ethanolic (EtOH) extract from the root of Vietnamese (Vit) and Chinese (Chin) ginseng (Gens) against adrenaline-induced MI in rats. Additionally, an evaluation was conducted on the extracts' impact on histopathological alterations and cardiac function biomarkers. Adrenaline (2 mg/kg, s.c.) was given once for two days in a row (24 hours apart) in order to induce MI. Normal and control groups received the vehicle for 14 consecutive days. The other 3 groups were orally administered the extracts for 14 consecutive days. In addition, quantification of the total phenolic content as gallic acid equivalent in three extracts was measured. The antioxidant activity was measured in vitro using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). The result revealed that acidic, 80% methanolic and 70% ethanolic extract from the root of Vietnamese (AMeOH-Vit-Gens, EtOH-Vit-Gens) and Chinese ginseng (AMeOH-Chin-Gens, EtOH- Chin-Gens) had clear cardio protective effects. Therefore, ginseng is a potential source of antioxidant specially the acidic extract and methanolic extract, respectively. The silyliated extracts were evaluated by using GC-MS analysis. The highest carboxylic acids ratio was found in the Vietnamese ginseng ethanol extract, followed by methanol extract and hydrochloric acid extract (12.17%, 10.43% and 5.64% respectively). The highest sugar content was established in Chinese ginseng hydrochloric acid extract (83.95%), Vietnamese ginseng hydrochloric acid extract (81.91%), ethanol extract (Vietnamese 79.31% and Chinese 73.03%) and methanol extract (Vietnamese 72.31% and Chinese 70.36%). Vietnamese ginseng methanol extract had 5.95% of alcohols, 2.92% of ethanol, and 3.51% of hydrochloric acid, whereas Chinese ginseng methanol extract contained 3.50% of alcohol, 5.16% of ethanol, and 0.71% of hydrochloric acid. These findings offered solid proof that ginseng might prevent myocardial injury by activating the NF-B signaling pathway.