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The rising population has increased the demand for food, thus increasing the production of agricultural waste. However, the use of biogas offers clean energy through proper agricultural waste management. This study aimed to develop a sustainable framework for biogas production using agricultural waste in northern Iraq. The farmers' willingness to participate in supplying agricultural waste to the biogas plant was assessed. In addition, suitable locations were identified for waste collection to set up biogas facilities using a general model. The established biogas plant with 71,790 m3 digester volume could treat 327,500 m3 of waste every yr and generate 17,960,000 m3/yr of biogas. Finally, a net present value of 7,603,000 USD was obtained, resulting in a 26.11% internal rate of return with a payback period of less than 4 yrs, with an estimated biogas production value of 0.0689 USD/m3, and the levelized cost of energy value of 0.0796 USD/kWh. These findings offer valuable insights for policymakers, farmers, and stakeholders in the biogas industry, facilitating the adoption of sustainable and renewable energy solutions in countries with similar conditions.
RASOOL et al. (Mon,) studied this question.