Key points are not available for this paper at this time.
Ionic liquid ion sources (ILISs) produce charged particle beams by using a strong electric field to extract and accelerate molecular ions and ion clusters from liquid propellant. The wide variety of emitted species and the fragmentation of metastable ion clusters lead to broad distributions of energy and mass among plume species. Quantifying those distributions is critical to understanding ILIS physics and ILIS performance in a particular application. Here, we use an electrostatic energy analyzer in tandem with a mass spectrometer (EA/MS) to measure mass spectra for various energy ranges in the plume of an ILIS operating with the electrospray propellant Formula: see text. Those spectra were used to calculate energy distributions for major plume species, probed at the entrance of the EA/MS instrument. Those measurements suggest that 12% of the plume (by current fraction) is composed of species formed by ion clusters that fragment more than once prior to reaching the instrument. For the first time, we estimate the composition of the plume within the electric field of the ion source from experimental measurements. That analysis shows that at least 10% of plume current was emitted as trimers, and more than 3% was emitted as larger species.
Lyne et al. (Tue,) studied this question.