Experimental Study on the Sloshing of a Rectangular Tank under Pitch Excitations

Fluid sloshing within containers subjected to external motion is a crucial yet intricate phenomenon with implications across various industries. This study investigates sloshing in a rectangular liquid tank through a series of experiments examining pitch excitations with diverse excitation frequencies and amplitudes across different liquid carrying rates. By analyzing pressure data and imagery of the free liquid surface, statistical trends in peak pressure at measurement points within the tank are identified, revealing the nonlinear behavior of the fluid. Spectral analysis generates power spectrum curves that delineate frequency components and energy distribution within the sloshing dynamics. Key findings include the identification of resonance-induced violent sloshing at a 20% liquid-carrying rate and a resonant frequency shift at a 70% liquid-carrying rate due to nonlinearity, displaying a “soft spring” characteristic in the frequency response. The free liquid surface exhibits four distinct waveforms depending on frequency. Notably, at a 70% liquid-carrying rate and resonant frequency excitation, three-dimensional vortex waves emerge, highlighting a complex three-dimensional effect within the tank. The power spectrum shows that the dominant response frequency aligns with the excitation frequency and its multiples. This investigation enhances our understanding of the intricate nature of sloshing in various liquid-carrying conditions, offering insights valuable for diverse industrial applications.