An overview on urinary tract infection in pregnancy

Urinary tract infections (UTI) include a wide range of symptoms, such as urethritis, cystitis, prostatitis, and pyelonephritis. The most frequent bacterial infections are UTIs. Lower and upper UTI’s are used to categories UTI’s. While pyelonephritis is an upper tract infection, cystitis is a lower tract infection. Significant physiologic changes to the entire urinary system occur during pregnancy and drastically influence the prevalence of UTI’s and pyelonephritis. Both symptomatic and asymptomatic forms are possible. Gram-negative bacteria are the most frequent causes of both symptomatic and acute UTI, including E. coli, K. pneumonia, P. areuginosa, Enterobacter, and Serratia. The gold standard for the diagnosis of a urinary tract infection is quantitative culture methods. Untreated UTIs have been linked to severe morbidity and mortality in pregnant women and their babies. According to Edward Kass's groundbreaking research, 6% of pregnant women reported asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB), which was linked to higher preterm and perinatal death than those with sterile urine. According to the urine culture and sensitivity results, correct treatment is therefore of utmost importance. An agent with a seven-day dosage schedule that is safe for both the mother and the fetus should be used as the therapy. To prevent a recurrence of UTI, confirmation of the pathogenic organism's full eradication is required. Precautions and good cleanliness can also aid in preventing recurrence.