Uro-pathogens: Multidrug resistance and associated factors of community-acquired UTI among HIV patients attending antiretroviral therapy in Dessie Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Northeast Ethiopia

Background Urinary tract infections are common bacterial and fungal infections in humans, occurring both in the community and in immunocompromised patients in healthcare settings. Urinary tract infections have a significant health impact on HIV-infected patients. Nowadays, drug-resistant pathogens are widespread poses a serious clinical risk, and causes urinary tract infection. The common agents of bacteria and fungi that cause urinary tract infection are Escherichia coli followed by Klebsiella pneumonia , Staphylococcus saprophyticus , Enterococcus faecalis , group B streptococcus , Proteus mirabilis , Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Staphylococcus aureus and Candida . albicans . This study aimed to investigate uro-pathogen, multidrug resistance pattern of bacteria, and associated factors of community-acquired urinary tract infection among HIV-positive patients attending antiretroviral therapy in Dessie comprehensive specialized hospital, Northeast Ethiopia from February 1, 2021, to March 30, 2021. Methods An institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted at Dessie Comprehensive Specialized Hospital. Socio-demographic and clinical data were collected by using structured questionnaires from HIV patients suspected of community-acquired urinary tract infections. About 10 ml of clean-catch midstream urine was collected and inoculated into Blood agar, MacConkey, and Cysteine lactose electrolyte deficient media. Yeasts were identified by using Gram stain, germ tube test, carbohydrate fermentation, assimilation tests, and chromogenic medium. Gram stain and biochemical tests were performed to identify isolates and an antimicrobial susceptibility pattern was performed on disc diffusion techniques. Data were entered and analyzed using SPSS version 25. Both bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed and a P value of 44year, female, being daily labor, being farmer, unable to read and write, patients with CD4 count of ≤ 200 cells/mm 3 and CD4 count of 201–350 cells/mm 3 , who had chronic diabetics, patients having a history of hospitalization and who had urgency of urinations were statistically significant association with significant urinary tract infections. Conclusion The burden of community-acquired urinary tract infections among HIV patients is alarmingly increased. Therefore, behavior change communications might be considered for promoting the health status of HIV patients. Moreover, CD4 level monitoring and therapeutics selection based on microbiological culture are quite advisable for the management of urinary tract infections of HIV patients.