Evaluation the Efficacy of Some Plant Extracts and Antibiotics on the Formation of Biofilm Bacterial Species Isolated From a Variety of Clinical Sources

The aim of this research was to shed light on isolation and identification of bacterial species from patients with different genders and age groups and determined the antimicrobial effects of various new plant-based extracts and antibiotics on the isolates. Disk diffusion assay was used to determine the susceptibility of bacterial isolates towards several antibiotics. The Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) for all extracts were conducted against every isolated species of bacteria in 96-well microtiter plates. The findings of this study and according to the VITIK2 data, among the 180 swaps and samples collected from patients, only 92 cases (51.11%) showed a positive bacterial culture which distributed as follows; 41 (44.56%) isolates matched with Staphylococcus aureus, 20 (21.73%) isolates matched with Escherichia coli, 14 isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa represent (15.21%), 11 isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae which gave (11.95%) and only 6 isolates were correspond to Staphylococcus haemolyticus at (6.52%). The antibiotics findings of this study indicated variable resistance profiles for most of the isolates against the antibiotics used, however all isolates exhibited great sensitivity to the meropenem. Furthermore, testing findings for plant extracts revealed that MBC values ranged from 1.95 to 500 µg/mL, while MIC for 17 examined extracts ranged from 0.97 to 250 µg/mL. As a positive control, meropenem's MIC against all isolated species ranged from 3.9 µg/mL to 62.5 µg/mL, whereas its MBCs varied from 7.8 to 125 µg/mL. In light of this, this study is the first to demonstrate the effectiveness of novel plant extracts against virulent bacterial strains isolated from urine, burn, and wound infections. According to the outcomes of this study, the evaluated plant extracts are more effective in combating bacteria than the antibiotics that are used in the treatment regimen.