Sustainable Livelihood Practices of the Kutia Kondh Tribe: Preserving Cultural Heritage and Ecological Diversity in Kandhamal, Odisha, India

Sustainable livelihood practices of the Kutia Kondh tribe residing in the hilly regions of Kandhamal district, Odisha, India. The livelihood practices of the Kutia Kondh are deeply rooted in their cultural and ecological location, with agriculture, animal husbandry, hunting and gathering being their primary sources of sustenance. The study draws on primary data collected through fieldwork; including participant observation, semi -structured interviews, and focus group discussions with Kutia Kondh individuals and communities. The findings highlight the difficult relationship between the Kutia Kondh's livelihood practices and their cultural and ecological surroundings. Shifting cultivation, known as "Podu" cultivation, and terrace cultivation are the main agricultural practices employed by the community. Animal husbandry, hunting, fishing, and gathering are carried out sustainably, with a focus on maintaining the balance of the ecosystem. However, the Kutia Kondh face various challenges, including climate change, loss of biodiversity, market -driven co modification, and the impact of modernization on their traditional knowledge systems. The paper emphasizes the importance of recognizing and preserving the traditional knowledge and practices of indigenous communities. It calls for incorporating this knowledge into sustainable development planning to ensure the livelihood security of these communities while safeguarding their cultural heritage and ecological diversity. The study underscores the significance of interventions that address the challenges faced by the Kutia Kondh and promote the preservation and enhancement of their sustainable livelihood practices. By doing so, we can learn from their traditional practices and contribute to the achievement of sustainable development goals.