Evaluation of Interleukin-33, Interleukin-10 Levels in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients on Long Term Therapy of Disease-Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs

Background: Rheumatoid arthritis is a prevalent, long-term, inflammatory autoimmune illness with a wide range of extra-articular symptoms that affects 0.24% of people worldwide. Finding new, RA-specific biomarkers may help in early diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring of the severity and response to therapy of the disease. Objective: Determining of (IL-33, IL-10) levels in blood of both patients on long term therapy, early diagnosis patients and healthy control groups by using ELISA technique. Method: A case-control study in the following study groups consisted of three group. Group 1 included (50) patients on medications (DMARDs), Group 2 included (50) early diagnosed patients without medication and group 3 included (50) healthy individuals. Result: The mean of serum IL-33 concentration was significantly difference in rheumatoid arthritis (157.15 ± 24.88) in treated patients, (513.11 ± 113.01), and in patients with early diagnosis (185.75 ± 30.71) compared to the healthy control group (P = 0.000). But Mean levels of serum IL-10 were 320.27 ± 37.82, 180.24 ± 12.68 and 493.80 ± 68.94 pg/ml in patients on treatment, early diagnosis patients and healthy control group respectively; the level was highly significant lower than in early diagnosis patients with RA in comparison with patient on treatment and healthy control and the IL-10 level in healthy control was highly significant higher than in Patients on treatment, but in Patients on treatment higher than in early diagnosis patients, (P = 0.000). Conclusion: IL-33 and IL-10 is regarded as a useful biomarker for the diagnosis of RA and for assessing the severity of the illness.