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Purpose This study aims to investigate the components of a halal tourism ecosystem and how to establish a model for an effective halal tourism ecosystem. Therefore, each component can play a role in encouraging the productivity of halal tourism. Design/methodology/approach A qualitative approach was applied through in-depth interviews and focus group discussion (FDGs) with representatives of stakeholders who are associated with the development of halal tourism in Indonesia. Findings The results show that the effectiveness of the halal tourism ecosystem is primarily determined by the role of the government as an initiator and a policymaker. The halal tourism ecosystem must be run with universal Islamic norms, and it must be avoid exclusive rules. Originality/value This research concludes that the symbols in the halal ecosystem are not components that can glue the differences between various organizations and institutions in the context of tourism. However, the role of adhesive is substituted by its practice or implementation that can accommodate shared understandings of Sharia norms.
Rachmiatie et al. (Mon,) studied this question.