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The tar sand and shale sequences of the Afowo Formation exposed at Lore, Shagbon, and Gbegude areas in parts of southwestern Nigeria has been palynologically investigated to unravel the depositional history. The lithofacies assemblage of the studied section comprising of shale, siltstone, claystone, lignites and ferruginised facies and their peculiar sedimentological features indicate low energy quiet setting, ranging from fresh water to nearshore marine swamps. Recovered palynomorph assemblage include marine dinoflagellate cyst such as Paleocystodinium golzowenses, Lycopodium spp. of Maastrichtian age. The pollen and spore (Retidiporites magdalenensis, Echimonocolpites, Echitriporites trianguliformis and C-cristatus) indicate terrestrial fresh water environment. The abundance of palmea pollen (Echitriporites and Longapertites) and the pteridophyte suggest that the vegetation developed under a predominant humid climate.
Oluyemi et al. (Thu,) studied this question.