Quantitative Scalability of Nodes and Geographical Coverage in LEACH Protocol

Energy optimisation using clustering remains a constant challenge in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). The high volume of data generated within these networks leads to excessive energy consumption when transferring it to the processing center. Therefore, clustering protocols, in particularly hierarchical routing protocols dedicated to WSNs, must imperatively integrate energy efficiency mechanisms in order to extend the functional lifetime of the nodes and the network. In this paper, we focus on an in-depth analysis of scalability in the Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy (LEACH) protocol. The LEACH protocol, renowned for its random and distributed approach to WSNs energy optimisation, forms the focus of our analysis and exploration. Our study focuses in particular on the quantitative scalability of nodes and the scalability of geographical coverage. The aim is to improve our understanding of the behaviour of the LEACH protocol in large-scale environments, particularly with regard to node and network lifetime and energy management parameters.