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The labor element in economics represents the second element of production after the land element, and since the labor element is in Egypt or in developing countries that are characterized by labor-intensive industries in general and in agriculture in particular, and in view of the spread of labor in Egypt, especially during the period (2018-2022), Unemployment in the labor force, especially in the agricultural sector, as Egyptian agriculture is characterized by seasonality, and thus unemployment spreads in the agricultural sector for the rest of the year, as the combined volume of employment and unemployment in 2022 reached about 30.12 million people over the age of 15 in working age, with 25.10 million males compared to 5.11. One million females, which constitutes a surplus of labor that is considered unemployed during that period. Small and medium enterprises are considered an important tributary of economic and social development in the world, as they not only provide employment opportunities, but they are also considered the main driver of more technological innovations, increased exports, and increased gross domestic product growth. Therefore, they are considered the main engine of economic growth. The management of new projects is considered as important as it was in economic analysis because management plays a role in the success of the project and its establishment on scientific foundations that guarantee it the marketing of its products or services. The problem of the research is the spread of unemployment, especially in the agricultural sector, which is characterized by seasonality in agricultural labor in the Egyptian countryside. The problem of the research is also represented in the obstacles facing small and medium enterprises that are established in the Egyptian countryside, especially the financial and administrative obstacles. The research aimed to identify how to overcome the problem Unemployment in the Egyptian countryside through the expansion of small and medium enterprises. Results: 1- The study concluded the development of the total labor force in Egypt, as the total labor force increased from about 28.9 million people in 2018 to about 30.12 million people in 2022, with an increase rate of about 1.26 million people, representing about 4.4%, and the average labor force reached about 29.03 million. population during the period (2018-2022) 2- The results indicated that the Fund's activity has increased towards expanding the base of beneficiaries of women and men, as the value of loans directed to agricultural development increased and the number of beneficiaries, projects and job opportunities increased. The significance of the statistical hypotheses between the average of the two periods for all the variables studied was proven using the (T) test for the differences between the two periods. Except for the self-contribution percentage. Recommendations 1- The necessity of redistributing small and medium enterprises to the governorates according to the population and the needs of each governorate. 2- It is necessary to monitor the funding that is released from funding sources so that it does not take a path other than the one allocated for it. 3- Unifying a single project financing device in which all sources of financing are collected.
Abdel-Naby et al. (Mon,) studied this question.