A Spatially Resolved C ii Survey of 31 z ∼ 7 Massive Galaxies Hosting Luminous Quasars

Abstract The C ii 158 μ m emission line and the underlying far-infrared (FIR) dust continuum are important tracers for studying star formation and kinematic properties of early galaxies. We present a survey of the C ii emission lines and FIR continua of 31 luminous quasars at z > 6.5 using the Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA) and the NOrthern Extended Millimeter Array at sub-arcsec resolution. This survey more than doubles the number of quasars with C ii and FIR observations at these redshifts and enables statistical studies of quasar host galaxies deep into the epoch of reionization. We detect C ii emission in 27 quasar hosts with a luminosity range of L C II = (0.3–5.5) × 10 9 L ⊙ and detect the FIR continuum of 28 quasar hosts with a luminosity range of L FIR = (0.5–13.0) × 10 12 L ⊙ . Both L C II and L FIR are correlated ( ρ ≃ 0.4) with the quasar bolometric luminosity, albeit with substantial scatter. The quasar hosts detected by ALMA are clearly resolved with a median diameter of ∼5 kpc. About 40% of the quasar host galaxies show a velocity gradient in C ii emission, while the rest show either dispersion-dominated or disturbed kinematics. Basic estimates of the dynamical masses of the rotation-dominated host galaxies yield M dyn = (0.1–7.5) × 10 11 M ⊙ . Considering our findings alongside those of literature studies, we found that the ratio between M BH and M dyn is about 10 times higher than that of local M BH – M dyn relation on average but with substantial scatter (the ratio difference ranging from ∼0.6 to 60) and large uncertainties.