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This research proposes an advanced and cost-effective smart blind device equipped with Internet of Things (IoT) sensors to address significant navigational challenges for individuals with visual impairments in both indoor and outdoor environments. The system employs IoT technologies to detect obstacles, staircases, and wet terrain, enhancing the safety of walking experiences. To bolster users' security, the device features a panic button, triggering the transmission of alert messages about their location. A companion software application enables acquaintances to modify contact numbers for alert messages in the device configurations. Additionally, the study introduces an artificial navigation system with adjustable sensitivity, integrating a GPS module and ultrasonic proximity sensors. Through ultrasonic reflections, this device empowers visually impaired individuals to autonomously navigate diverse surroundings, including negotiating barriers and potholes. The device's versatility is evident in its adaptable attachment options, such as shoes, clothing, body parts, and walking sticks, contributing to its reliability and flexibility.
Kasabekar et al. (Fri,) studied this question.