Role of early increase in vascular endothelial growth factor-A levels after coronary stenting in the development of drug-eluting in-stent restenosis

The introduction of drug-eluting stents (DES) into clinical practice has led to a significant reduction in the incidence of in-stent restenosis (ISR) compared to implantation of bare metal stents. However, in 2-4% of cases, the development of angiographic restenosis is observed. Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-A (VEGF-A) promotes early endothelialization of the stented segment, but in some cases can promote progressive neointimal growth due to proinflammatory effects. Aim. To evaluate the influence of plasma VEGF-A level on ISR after DES implantation. Material and methods. We prospectively examined 49 patients who were implanted with DES due to stable coronary artery disease with ischemia-related arterial stenosis >70% according to a stress test, as well as with a fractional flow reserve 0,05). Within 24 hours after stent implantation, a significant increase in VEGF-A level was found in patients who subsequently demonstrated angiographic ISR as follows: from 476 (267; 602) to 1117 (1089; 1573) pg/ml (p<0,05). A positive moderate correlation was established between the plasma VEGF-A content 24 hours after stent implantation and angiographic ISR in the long-term period (r=0,55; p<0,001). Conclusion. Initial plasma VEGF-A levels are not associated with angiographic ISR. Moreover, a sharp increase in VEGF-A level f within 24 hours after coronary stenting is associated with drug-eluting ISR.