The Relationship between Grit and Psychological Well-being among University Students Participating in General Sports: The Moderating Effect of Self-efficacy

The purpose of this study was to investigate the moderating effect of self-efficacy on grit and psychological happiness among university students participating in general sports. The study recruited participants from universities located in the Seoul, Gyeonggi province, and Chungbuk province, and collected a total of 296 completed questionnaires. The analysis included frequency analysis, exploratory factor analysis, reliability analysis, correlation analysis, and hierarchical regression analysis. The conclusions drawn from the applied research methods to achieve these research objectives are as follows: Firstly, among the background variables, the frequency of participation in general sports was found to be a factor influencing both external and internal happiness, while gender was identified as a factor influencing internal happiness. Secondly, among the subfactors of grit, perseverance and effort were found to be factors influencing psychological well-being. Thirdly, perseverance and effort of grit, as well as self-efficacy in physical ability, were identified as factors influencing psychological well-being. Fourthly, among the interactions between grit and self-efficacy, the interaction of perseverance and effort on physical ability was found to influence external happiness.